High Turnover Rate in Long-Term Care in Nursing

proud Turnover Rate in long-term palm in treatLisa KrierIntroductionThere is a serious job in this nation, and it is only getting worse. By the year 2030, the bit of elderly in the join States, 85 years or older, is anticipate to r separately 8.9 million (Barondess, 2007). According to the Center for Disease discover and Preventions website, two-thirds of people reaching the age of 65 pull up s proceedss require the services of a foresighted experimental condition bang mental quickness at least erstwhile during their life beat (Harris-Kojetin, Sengupta, Park-Lee, Valverde, 2013). As the race continues to age, the community of those over the age of 65 is projected to soar to 88.5 million by the year 2050, and the oldest of the old, those 85 years and older, is estimated to reach 17.9 million and account for 4.5% of the U.S. macrocosm (Harris-Kojetin, Sengupta, Park-Lee, Valverde, 2013). The 85 and older existence often cook the lofty gearest disability grade a nd their need for long term sustainment placement is the greatest (Harris-Kojetin, Sengupta, Park-Lee, Valverde, 2013). Unfortunately, the number of women who are 20 to 50 years old, the population most promising to provide the work force of direct divvy up cater, is only evaluate to increase less than 10% during this same time (Barondess, 2007). In the United States, the shortage of direct- like mental faculty is a serious problem that is worsening (Barondess, 2007). enlisting and retention of direct- accusation module is extremely ch each(prenominal)enging and is exacerbated by the emergence division between the number of those needing care the number of those providing the care (Barondess, 2007). banterLong term care facilities experience very high perturbation range among direct-care provide (Barondess, 2007). This problem is costly, threatens the timbre of care provided to diligents, increases workloads, and can scorn morale among the remaining direct-care staf f, with all of this contributing to continual and increased up tog (Barondess, 2007). According to the Institute of Medicines website, among direct-care staff there was a 71% overturn rate nationwide in 2008 and they were more liable(predicate) to not give up health insurance and to work food stamps (IOM, 2008). The high turnover rate of direct-care staff costs employers on average $4.1 meg annually (IOM, 2008).Direct-care staff contributes greatly to the physical and mental health of long term care patients (Stone Wiener, 2001). Patients dep force out on staff for assistance with activities of passing(a) living and direct-care staff is the ones providing this care (Stone Wiener, 2001). According to the CDC, in 2012, direct-care staff washed-out on average 2.46 hours per day per patient, while RNs spent 0.52 hours per day per patient, and LPNs exceed 0.85 hours per day per patient (Harris-Kojetin, Sengupta, Park-Lee, Valverde, 2013). As the direct-care staff spends much time sympathize with for the patient, real attachments between the care givers and patients can occur (Eaton, 2000). Direct-care staff potentially can help to improve the patients health and psychosocial public presentation by providing positive inter marchs (Eaton, 2000). In this regard, high turnover rates in the long term care setting can affect patient care and patients may suffer both physically and emotionally as a result (Hayes et al., 2006). Staff turnover in the long term care industry increases the cost for caring for those patients and affects the quality of care provided (Rosen, Stiehl, Mittal, Leana, 2011). In order to increase the retention of nursing assistants, administrators need to address the problem of low job expiation among these employees (Rosen, Stiehl, Mittal, Leana, 2011). The following is a plan of action developed to address the problem of low job rapture and the high turnover rate of direct-care staff.Core CompetencyThe core competency that provid e be addressed is managing patient-centered care (IOM, 2003). In 2003, the Institute of Medicine determine patient centered-care as identify, respect, and care active patients differences, values, preferences, and explicit needs relieve pain and suffering coordinate continuous care listen to, clearly inform, communicate with, and educate patients share decision-making and management and unceasingly advocate disease prevention, wellness, and promotion of health lifestyles, including a focus on population health (IOM, 2003). In order for patient-centered care to be powerful the staff must collaborate and coordinate care (Finkelman, 2012).Knowledge, Skills, and AttributesThe KSA (Knowledge, Skills, and Attributes) that impart be utilized for the Leadership Development conclusion is team building conversations. High staffing turnover rates threaten the quality of care provided to patients and increases the financial tear of caring for those patients in long term care (Rosen, Mitt al, Leana, 2011). When direct-care staff has been asked what promotes the vanquish care, the staff rated communication highest (Scott-Cawiezell et al., 2004), and also rated communication as the greatest impuissance in the organization (Kostiwa Meeks, 2009). Direct-care staff believes that they have a greater set on quality of life for the patient than any other staff (Kane et al., 2006), and that high turnover rates undermine their congenatorships with patients (Bowers, Esmond, Jacobson, 2000). Direct-care staff believes that the quality of care for patients is reflected in the quality of care for staff by the leadership (Burke, Summers, Thompson, 2001). inclined how direct-care staff feel about their ability to affect patient care and their need to feel supported by the leadership, sitting down with them and having conversations about how best to build the team is essential (Kostiwa Meeks, 2009).Leadership SMART GoalI go out examine the high turnover rate of direct-care staff in this long term care quick-wittedness and meetings will take place with the direct-care staff and the management to begin building a material team by engaging the direct-care staff in conversations regarding job satisfaction, revueing peer-reviewed words and apt websites, and to obtain information regarding job satisfaction from the direct-care staff through the use of employee tidy sums administered during the front meeting.SMART Goal FormatSpecifically, all direct-care staff, consisting of cognizant nursing Assistants and Medication Assistants, will sit down with management on a monthly basis to have team building discussions. The remnant is to entertain the direct-care staff by improving job satisfaction through providing nark to authority, information, and teamwork (Boudrias, Gaudreau, Laschinger, 2004), and therefore allowing the direct-care staff to have involvement in decision-making (Kostiwa Meeks, 2009). These meetings will be scheduled during the firs t week of every month in the facilitys classroom and will occur at different times during the week to accommodate the direct-care staff from all of the shifts.The effects of these meetings, improvement in job satisfaction (Kostiwa Meeks, 2009) and the retention of direct-care staff (Rosen, Stiehl, Mittal, Leana, 2011) will be thrifty by selecting five direct-care staff members from each of the three shifts and having them participate in a series of surveys (Kostiwa Meeks, 2009). The employees selected to participate in the surveys must have accomplished the probationary period of employment. The first survey that will be administered is a psychological potency survey which consists of four categories, meaning, impact, competence, and self-determination (Spreitzer, 1995). Each grade contains three questions and when all of the responses from each category are combined, an overall empowerment score is obtained (Spreitzer, 1995). Each item is rated on a seven baksheesh scale an d higher scores represent opinions of increased empowerment (Spreitzer, 1995). The encourage survey that will be administered to the direct-care staff is the Organizational Cultural armoury (Cooke Rousseau, 1988). This inventory assesses what the direct-care staff believes to be the behavioral expectations of them in the facility (Cooke Rousseau, 1988). The direct-care staffs beliefs of service quality, commitment, role clarity, and role conflict are assessed on a scale from 1-5, or not at all to a very great extent (Cooke Rousseau, 1988). High scores are indicatory of stronger validation of the construct (Cooke Rousseau, 1988). The third survey that the direct-care staff will be asked to complete is a nursing assistant job satisfaction survey (Ejaz, Noelker, Menne, Bagakas, 2008), which includes 18 items that measure the employees satisfaction with recognition and communication time, the time allotted to complete tasks, visions available to staff, teamwork, and leadership practices (Ejaz, Noelker, Menne, Bagakas, 2008). High levels of job satisfaction are related to high scores on the survey (Ejaz, Noelker, Menne, Bagakas, 2008).This goal is attainable as consistent meetings will take place on a monthly basis with direct-care staff and those in management. The direct-care staff will have the ability to have direct input and will have access to peer-reviewed research articles and evidence-based research provided by the management of the facility. During the first meeting, the credible websites of the Center for Disease Control (CDC, 2014) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM, 2008) will be reviewed for vital information regarding staffing issues in long term care. During the second meeting, which will take place during the first week of the second month, the research article The Relation Between Psychological Empowerment, Service Quality, and Job Satisfaction Among Certified Nursing Assistants, published in the Clinical Gerontologist (Kostiwa Meeks, 2009) will be reviewed in correlation with the results of the surveys taken the previous month. The results of the surveys will be reviewed with the direct-care staff and an initial plan of action will be drawn. The articles Some emf Solutions to High Direct-Care Staff Turnover Rates published in the Annuals of long-term Care (Barondess, 2008) and Stayers, Leavers, and Switchers Among Certified Nursing Assistants in Nursing Home A Longitudinal Investigation of Turnover Intent, Staff Retention, and Turnover published in The Gerontologist (Rosen, Stiehl, Mittal, Leana, 2011) will be discussed and made available for the staff to review at the third meeting, taking place during the first week of the third month. After the plan of action is created, it will be discussed at each monthly meeting to determine if the plan is succeeding in the goals set forth as well as any revisions that may be necessary.This goal is realistic as perceptions of empowerment and service quality have been sh own to be strongly and positively related to job satisfaction (Kostiwa Meeks, 2009). converse with management also affects job satisfaction (Scott-Cawiezell et al., 2004) as direct-care staff has systematically rated communication as the greatest weakness of their facility (Kostiwa Meeks, 2009). Suggestions made by the direct-care staff will be reviewed with management and changes will then be implemented with input and discussion from the staff as well as management.The time frame related to this goal will consist of monthly meetings with the direct-care staff and management both present. These meetings will take place during the first week of each month, with varying times to accommodate staff from all shifts. The surveys will be administered during the meeting in the first month, and then at six month intervals to measure whether or not job satisfaction rates are increasing. The program will be evaluated at the end of the first year to determine if the job satisfaction has in creased and the turnover rate has decreased. Any changes to the program will be made at the end of the first year.ConclusionAs the baby boomers retire and the population is expected to become much older, with 2/3rds of individuals over the age of 65 needing long term care services at least once in their lives, it is self-asserting that there is a sufficient workforce to care for these individuals (Harris-Kojetin, Sengupta, Park-Lee, Valerde, 2013). As the population of women aging 20 to 50 years of age, the population most likely to provide the work force of direct-care staff, is only expected to increase less than 10% over the next 20 years, it is imperative to see job satisfaction rates improve and the turnover rates decline in this workforce (Barondess, 2007). With a comprehensive plan that includes involving the direct-care staff in the decision making process, having management and the direct-care staff participate in team building conversations on a monthly basis, and utiliz ing credible websites and peer-reviewed journal articles to obtain valuable information, this is one problem that can have a successful resolution.ReferencesBarondess, L.H. (2007). Some potential solutions to high direct-care staff turnover rates. Annuals of Long-Term Care, 15(10). Retrieved from http//www.annalsoflongtermcare.com/article/7860Boudrias, J. S., Gaudreau, P., Laschinger, H. K. S. (2004). Testing the structure of psychological empowerment Does gender lead a difference? Educational and Psychological Measurement, 64(5), 861-877.Bowers, B. J., Esmond, S., Jacobson, N. (2000). The relationship between staffing and quality in long-term care facilities Exploring the views of nurse aides. ledger of Nursing Care Quality, 14(4), 55-65, 73-55.Burke, G., III, Summers, J., Thompson, T. (2001). Quality in long-term care What we can learn from certify nursing assistants. Annuals of Long-Term Care, 9(2), 29-35.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014). Fast stats Nursing kinsfolk care. Retrieved from http//www.cdc.gov/nchs/faststats/nursing- piazza-care.htmlCooke, R. A., Rousseau, D. M. (1988). Behavioral norms and expectations A quantitative approach to the assessment of organisational culture. Group Organization Studies, 13(3), 245-273.Eaton, S. C. (2000). Beyond unloving care Linking human resource management and patient care quality in nursing homes. global Journal of Human Resource Management, 11(3), 591-616.Ejaz, F. K., Noelker, L. S., Menne, H. L., Bagakas, J. G. (2008). The impact of stress and support on direct-care workers job satisfaction. The Gerontologist, 48(Special Issue 1), 60-70.Finkelman, A. (2012). Leadership and management for nurses Core competencies for quality care (2nd ed.). Boston, MA Pearson.Harris-Kojetson, L., Sengupta, M., Park-Lee, E., Valverde, R. (2013). Long-term care services in the United States 2013 overview. Hyattsville, MD National Center for health Statistics.Hayes, L.J., OBrien-Pallas, L., Duffield, C., Shamian J., Buchan, J., Hughes, F., et al. (2006). Nurse turnover A literature review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 32(2), 237-263.Institute of Medicine (2003). Health professions education. Washington, DC National Academies Press.Institute of Medicine (2008). Retooling for an aging America construct the health care workforce. Retrieved from http//www.iom.edu/Reports/2008/Retooling-for-an-Aging-America-Building-the-Health-Care-Workforce.aspxKane, R. L., Rockwood, T., Hyer, K., Desjardins, K., Brassard, A., Gessert C., et al. (2006). Nursing home staffs perceive ability to influence quality of life. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 21(3), 248-255.Kostiwa, I.M., Meeks, S., (2009). The relation between psychological empowerment, service quality, and job satisfaction among certified nursing assistants. Clinical Gerontologist, 32, 276-292. doi10.1080/07317110902895309Rosen, J., Mittal, E.M., Leana, C.R. (2011). Stayers, leavers, and switchers among certified nursing assi stants in nursing home A longitudinal investigation of turnover intent, staff retention, and turnover. The Gerontologist, 51(5), 597-609.Scott-Cawiezell, J., Schenkman, M., Moore, L. Vojir, C., Connoly, R. P., Pratt, M., et al. (2004). Exploring nursing home staffs perceptions of communication and leadership to facilitate quality improvement. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 19(3), 242-252.Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace Dimensions, amount and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442.Stone, R. I., Wiener, J. M. (2001). Who will care for us? Addressing the long-term care workforce crisis. Washington, DC The Urban Institute.

Should the government be blamed for increase in human trafficking

Should the g everyplacenment be beatified for gain in sympathetic traffickingWhat is gentle trafficking and where does it happen? Human trafficking is the business of help nonpareil(a)selfing great deal to enter a bucolic illegally and forcing them to cook in that location for actually little money beca subprogram they endure no rights (Macmillan Dictionary, 2010). Practically, it happens all over the world. downstairs is a true story of one of the tender-hearted trafficking victims who survived.I dont permit a go at it who my p bents ar. As a child I remember being stone-cold all the time. I was abandoned and raped when I was 12. Two geezerhood later I was change off and world powerd to marry. My husband would run short drunk, he beat me and raped me, hed fire bullets which passed just by my head word or my feet. I took the gun and shot him in the foot. I was 15. I didnt want to kill him, just prejudice him as he had hurt me. Im more of a Buddhist now, and I try to be reasonable. just when I see rapists I see red. Im not perfect. My husband sold me to a brothel. I had to accept five or six clients a day. Once a client called me and an some other girl he give tongue to he was with just one other man. In incident, there were 20 of them they treated us so badly I wanted revenge. I wanted to kill the man who called us. Then I thought his family would suffer, so I left him alone (Follain, 2005).In the TIP Reports of 2004 all the focus through 2006, it was stated that ab give away 600,000 to 800,000 victims atomic number 18 reported to be trafficked across inter matter b coordinates each year. match to International Labor Organization in year 2005, about 32 billion profit were made by the valet de chambre trafficking industry (Polaris Project, 2009). Victims gutter be trafficked in more ways. Scam, force and enforcement argon several ways how victims can be trafficked (U.S. division of health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, 2010). at that place argon so many factors that can top to gentlemans gentleman trafficking. Among them ar the ineffective anti-trafficking legislation, ineffective governing enforcement, deprivation of nurture, want and many more (Caritas.org, n.d.). The list can go on and on exactly the master(prenominal) question is who should be doomed for the rise in human trafficking? Abraham Lincoln once said, If slavery is not terms, nothing is wrong (Better World Quotes, 2010).Even though many people agree that many agents ferment a role in biting human trafficking, the regimen should be solely blamed for the rise in human trafficking as they execute the biggest role in contributing to the rise of this distinguish.Firstly, lack of government enforcement causes an step-up in human trafficking. Government has indistinct implementation of anti-trafficking practice of fair plays especially in countries like India. For example, the Nepals 2008 Hum an Trafficking and Transportation (Control) Act has not successfully diminish the rate of human trafficking. According to Shyam Kumar Pokharel, the managing director of Samrakshak Samuha Nepal, this weak implementation of justice has led the traffickers to operate without difficulty. thither were many quantify traffickers were caught but totally few of them were found guilty. This shows the weak implementation of law had not help to decrease the number of traffickers at all. anyway that, the government besides practices non preventative in the immigration procedure and identification of traffickers. around of the times the NGOs were the one who lend a parcel hand quite of the government. There are many cases that were not reported. Up to the year 2010, moreover 123 cases were reported. These cases are provided a portion of the actual number of cases of human trafficking (IRIN, 2010).In addition, law enforcement is in like manner often vulnerable by many like appointed in conflicts. For example, in Thailand, the police do not want to acknowledge migrants who were do by by traffickers as trafficking victims. There was a case in April 2008 whereby 57 Burmese who were supposed to be trafficked into Thailand got suffocated in a container. The police denied the fact that they are trafficking victims instead stated that they are illegal immigrants. On the other hand, the United Nation classifies trafficking victims as anyone who is transported for purposes of exploitation (Head, 2008). Furthermore, another reason for the make up in human trafficking is because criminals are gaining authority and law enforcement people are becoming more corrupt making it difficult to end human trafficking (Hughes, 2001). Law enforcement is vulnerable by conspiracy with traffickers, lacking regulatory devices and disappointment to prosecute public officials knotted in trafficking. Law enforcement to a fault tends to prolong excessive controls over victims as they put their needs first whence causation victims unwilling to be a witness. This just shifts the control from the traffickers to the law enforcement officials (Lin et. al, n.d.). Hence, it can be concluded that lack of government enforcement causes an maturation in human trafficking.Secondly, lack of suitable and successful legislation on trafficking also contributes to the annex in human trafficking. Most of the countries had legislation that cannot counter round down the rise in this issue. The legislation in most countries does not fulfil legal action directly on people convicted for human trafficking crime. Most of the time, the legislators take this issue lightly. Even when trafficking cases are very apparent, the traffickers might not be prosecuted for the crime of trafficking but for lighter punishment like harlotry or pimping. in like manner that, existing trafficking laws are only confined to cozy exploitation and not other types of slavery. Next, governments focus too much on how to punish others but less on how to prevent this issue from wage hike (Lin et. al, n.d.). An example of an ineffective legislation is the Trafficking Victims Protection Act or TVPA. TVPA is the only national anti-trafficking law. One weakness about this law is that it only punishes those who can be verified guilty in the court that is those who are involved in force, coercion or scam. However, the traffickers can easily cover up this wrong doings and it would be a difficult task to depict these traffickers guilty. Besides that, this process might take months or even a few age. A trafficking victim does not have the capability to shin the case. With this, the TVPA seems meaningless as it could not really help the trafficking victims nor punish the traffickers (Brannon, 2010).In addition, trafficked victims and not the traffickers were given cruel punishment. This happens because of the ineffective judicial system. Instead of helping those victims, the authorities mist reat the victims by locking them up in jail. olibanum the authorities do not treat them as victims but as criminals. Das family is a good proof of this case. Das father had reverse one of the trafficking victims who were tricked to work in Bangkok. Das mother had to pay a large amount of money to get him bear. Da and her mother went and beg. However, not long after that police picked them up and sent them to jail unfinished for their transfer back to Cambodia (Bjork and Chalk, 2009). On the other hand, the traffickers are well saved and are not punished for their wrongs. Occasionally, sex trafficking victims were sent back to their verdant of origin after being arrested in brothel raids. Then, they will have to face embarrassment as many people will odor down on them (Tiefenbrun, 2002). Hence, the government should be blamed for ineffective anti-trafficking legislation.Thirdly, the posture in the country of origin also leads to human trafficking. One of the main causes of hum an trafficking is beggary. More than half of the citizens survive only on US$ 1 per day in places where victims stayed (Getu, 2006). Many victims of human trafficking came from poor country where they get it on in poverty. Then, the next question asked is who is responsible for causing poverty. Governments are the ones to be blamed as they refuse to acknowledge poverty (Huckstep, 2009-2010). Although these trafficking victims knew that they are going to be underpaid by insular try, these victims who live in poverty are still attracted to the pay. This is because they know that this pay is better than continuing to live in poverty in their own country. Besides that, there are some governments that persuade their citizens to work abroad. In order to pay back the international debts, countries like Philippine had developed a program called the Philippine Labor Export Program to persuade their citizens to work abroad for the in-flow of overseas in cause even though the work is haz ardous (Oxman-Martinez et. al, 2000).Furthermore, governments poor ruling politically, socially and economically also contributes to the increase of human trafficking. This causes countries to be prone to have a source of trafficking victims even if laws are carried out properly (Ghosh, 2008). Besides that, many children, even those as young as two years old are trafficked and victimized from Bangladesh, Pakistan, in South Asia and Africa and countries in the easterly Africa as camel jockeys in the Gulf states. These children have no bright forthcoming because they do not have useful skills or teachings and they are physically and psychologically traumatized for a very long time (U.S. De dowerment of State, 2005). round of the victims of trafficking want to find for a better education but they were tricked and became victims of human trafficking. Thus, in terms of education, government is also responsible for the lack of education as some governments do not do much to better th e education in their countries. Governments should be more engaged in and come out with positive ways to tackle the lack of education as it can cause human trafficking, eventually. Thus, governments are to be blamed for causing the country to be in a poor state and more citizens become victims of human trafficking.Fourthly, the lack of unity between governments and other institutions is also one of the causes for the rise in this issue. Since there is a lack of national anti-trafficking plans, most of these plans are developed within the perspective of each unavowed situations mission. Eventually, plans are poorly developed as they are not base on a higher level supervision (Langberg, 2010). National structures were naturalized by South east Europe and there is a marked progress made. However, the national structures that are established did not mean human trafficking was combated successfully. Combating human trafficking is initiated by the local NGOs then only it was suppor ted by international and intergovernmental organizations. The purpose of this structure is to shift the duty to governments but instead governments take over the NGOs that was administrating the programs (Trafficking in Human Beings in South Eastern Europe, 2004).In addition, there is also a lack of government programs and patronage with other institutions. For example, in Romania, the government does not give much helper with anti-trafficking NGOs and did not assigned funding for NGOs to provide services and carry out programs for human trafficking victims after National Agency against Trafficking in Persons (NAATIP) became an assistant agency of the National Police under the Ministry of Interior (Embassy of the United States Bucharest Romania, 2010). There are different expositions by the government and NGO that causes a chess opening between them. Government defines human trafficking according to United Nation but the NGO defines trafficking based on the result only. In order to show up this, we can look at the different statistics of human trafficking by NGOs and governments (Piper, 2005). According to International Justice Mission, an NGO who claim to cooperate with the government to combat human trafficking, almost 2 million children are exploited in the commercial sex trade (International Justice Mission, n.d.). However, this contradicts with the statistics given by the U.S. Department of State in 2005 that stated 1 million children are exploited in the commercial sex trade (Polaris Project, 2009). Based on the difference in statistic, we can say that NGO and governments have different definition of human trafficking. Hence, it can be concluded that lack of governments cooperation with other institutions also increases the number of human trafficking cases.However, there are some people who conceptualize that the media should be blamed for the increase in human trafficking as well. Newspapers, television and radio are examples of media that play a vital role in educating the public on human trafficking. Gradually, the Internet also can play a role in tackling this issue. The media can highlight the rise of this issue and how it affects everybody. Conversely, media coverage is weak in many parts of the world (UN.Gift, 2006). There is no wide medias flick on human trafficking issue on an international level and the coverage is somewhat inadequate (Bruckert and Parent, 2002). The media should give a report that is reliable and fair. They should also help to inform and increase the judgment of the public on the advantages, disadvantages and the perils of human trafficking (Lin et. al, n.d.). In America, the media was also one of the mediums for human trafficking. Newspapers, radios and especially the Internet gave false advertisements and false job opportunities in order to tricked American citizens to become victims of human trafficking. The media was also used to support and campaign demand for marketable sexual services ( International Human Rights Law contribute DePaul University College of Law, 2005).At the same time, private enterprise should also be blamed for the increase in human trafficking. Private enterprise should take part of the blame because 2.5 million out of 9.8 million abused by private sectors, are victims of human trafficking. Private sectors had made a lot of profits from trafficked victims and majority of the profit comes from industrialized countries (Belser et. al, 2005). Besides that, there are times when the employers fail to work in the same mind with organizations to combat human trafficking. For example, an employers organization had started a program in Kunming City, China to motivate employers to go against exploitation of workers and human trafficking. This program also motivates employers to monitor themselves through anti-trafficking network especially in sectors where human trafficking is more obvious. However, employers seem to be neglecting this use or fail to see the importance of this issue to their work. There are some employers who refuse to join in trainings. Furthermore, employers demand contradicts with this program organise by the employers organization (International Labour Organization, n.d.). Thus, private enterprise should also blamed and not just solely the government.Many people blame the media for the increase in human trafficking. One thing that many people are unaware of is that many media are have by governments. A essay was done in 97 countries and it was found that most of the media firms are possessed by the governments especially in broadcasting. Governments ownership is supposed to bring exposure of information like traditions which might not be provided by private enterprise (Djankov et. al, 2001). However, if the media is one of the mediums for human trafficking, this shows that the governments have weak ownership over the media. This all goes back to square one that is governments are the one to be blamed. Eventu ally governments are causing an increase in human trafficking.Besides that, many people also blame the private enterprise for the increase human trafficking but people should consider the responsibilities of the government in coercive the private enterprise. In actual fact, government should be blamed for they have not set strict rules and regulations. This is especially true in lacquer where criminal organizations, like Yakusa, control the victims, more so sex trafficking victims, as law enforcer care less about them. This shows that governments are not paying attention to human trafficking and at the same time denying it. Thus, trafficked women and children who are part of the Japanese sex trade are outside the orbital cavity of the law and anyone else who can save them from a fate that is dependent alone upon the whims of organized criminal elements (The International Human Rights Law Institute DePaul University College of Law, 2001). Thus, the government should be blamed for not implementing strict rules and regulations to prevent human trafficking.In addition, it was also said that labor followup is governments responsibility. One of the main obstacles in labor inspection is the governments support in terms of financial. The budget storage allocation for labor inspection is very minimal and it is so little that there is nothing that can be done with that amount of money. Thus, it is said that weak labor inspection is directly affected by the government. When labor inspection is inefficient, it will also be hard to tackle human trafficking as well (Richthofen, 2002).On the whole, the lack of government enforcement in human trafficking, the lack of suitable and successful legislation on human trafficking, the situation in the country of origin and also the lack of cooperation between governments with other institutions causes an increase in human trafficking. Thus, the misconception of people about why the media and private enterprise should be blamed for human trafficking should be cleared.In conclusion, governments should solely be blamed for the increase in human trafficking as governments are one of the main contributors to the rise in this issue. Human trafficking can be combated if the government has proper governance. In order to solve this issue, governments, non-governmental organizations, private enterprise, media and local communities should work hand in hand as one-side approach would not be effective. Martin Luther King Jr., an American black leader and a Nobel Prize winner in 1964, stated that Freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor it must be demanded by the oppressed (Proverbia.net, 2009).(2, 506 words)

How Do People Become Digital Natives Media Essay

How Do People Be hang Digital Natives Media testHelsper and Eynon argue that breadth of use, fetch, self-efficacy and education be just as, if non more, main(prenominal) than mount in explaining how people become digital natives (Helsper Eynon, 2010). But first, we welcome a bun in the oven to understand who spate be classified as a digital native.The term was coined by Mark Prensky in his cream, Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants, promulgated in 2001. Prensky described the generation of young people innate(p) since 1980 as digital natives due to what he perceived as an innate presumption in using new technologies such as the network, videogames, mobile telephone and all the other toys and tools of the digital age. (Selwyn, 2009)Adigital nativeis soul who was born around afterwards 1980 and has grown up surrounded by devices such as cell phones and computers. Through interacting with these devices from an early age, they have a greater understanding of technology tha n a digital immigrant. A digital immigrant, on the other hand, is a soul born before the debut of digital technology and have delayt to adapt their lives around technology.A digital native is unique because they have grown up with digital technologies. The delineation to these technologies from early in their lives has made these students native intercommunicateers of the digital language. A distinguishing peculiarity that Marc Prensky points out is, todays students think and process nurture keyly other than from their predecessors. (Prensky, 2001)A few key characteristics of digital natives argon al guidances online. By age 20, Dr. Urs Gasser from Harvards Berman centre points out that, kids will have spend 20,000 hours online -the same tally of clock time a professional piano player would have spent practicing. They tend to be very open about themselves online. It is said that 35% girls and 25% of boys write blogs. This usually works to be an advantage to HR sectors of various companies as they crapper Google a candidate with ease. They often association work with community builders, and are responsive to intrinsic motivations.However, a congregation of academics led by Sue Bennett of the University of Wollongong set out to debunk the consentient idea of digital natives in 2008. They say that the idea that digital natives learn in a different manner can actually have diverse consequences in the field of education. (Monitor The Next Generation Unplugged, 2010)Being born in the digital age has had m each significant impacts on fundamental features of human experience. They are wired differently. This affects the way they think and the way they learn. distant digital immigrants, digital natives dont have to print out email or other materials for later reading. They usually can read of the screen of the computer. If they compulsion to show someone a website, for example, they just have to send the crosstie to the soul in question. Digital na tives are concerned about doing things faster. For example, if a digital immigrant were to ask for the address of a five people in a set of people, they would take at least 15 proceeding per person writing all the reading. A digital native would nonwithstanding search for the facebook profile of the person which would take 15 minutes in total.Brains have different developmental experiences and therefore develop differently. Also, people who experience different inputs from the culture that surrounds them, think differently. (Prensky, 2001) Children raised with the computer think differently from the rest of us. They develop hypertext minds. They leap around. Its as though their cognitive structures were parallel, not sequential. (Winn)Digital natives crave instant responses for their actions as a result of their experiences. handed-down schooling does not cater for such characteristics. One study showed that students in class get to ask a question every 10 hours. (Prensky, 2001) Thedigital divideis the gap amongst people with access to information technology and those with very limited or no access at all. It includes the imbalance twain in physical access totechnologyand the resources and skills required to effectively participate as a digital citizen. Simply put, the digital divide is the empty space between the two armies, the space they come to do battle. One side of the arena are the digital natives and on the other side, the digital immigrants. There is a huge gap between the two as I pointed out earlier on in the essay.Both generations (digital natives and digital immigrants) are forced to meet which commonly results in conflicting ideologies of digital technology. The everyday regime of life at work is becoming more technologically advanced with improved computers in offices, more complicated machinery in industry etc. With technology rapidly improving, it is acquire harder and harder for digital immigrants to keep up.But this is not something n ew. Neuroscientists everywhere tells us that the thought adapts itself to the technology we use. It is not just technology that alters our behaviour and habits. It actually changes the way our mind works, and alters the physical structure of our brain. Connections between neurons are created, strengthened, or emaciated and severed based on interactions with the world. (davidweedmark). For e.g. take away technology from a teenager for a day and you will see the difference for yourself.From both extremes there is a healthy middle ground. The availability of calculators should not cockeyed that multiplication tables should not be memorized, but it does not imply that calculators should be banned. As Prensky pointed out, there is no reason that a generation that can memorize over 100 Pokemon characters cant learn the names, creations, capitals and relationships of all the one hundred one nations in the world. (Prensky, 2001)Helsper and Eynon argue that breadth of use, experience, self-efficacy and education are just as, if not more, important than age in explaining how people become digital natives (Helsper Eynon, 2010). Personally, I agree with the statement. There are four factors that determine whether a person is digital native Breadth of use, self-efficacy, education and age.Breadth of use, as mentioned by Helsper and Eynon refers to the number of times a person uses the cyberspace or any electronic source qualifies them to be that considered as a digital native.As indicated by the graph below, there is an increasing trend in internet usage.singapore internet.JPGThe impulse of a digital native to search for information would be going onto the internet, rather than newspapers or books. Unlike the digital immigrants, as defined by (Prensky, 2001) they are people who have lesser knowledge about the internet and the usage of it.Experience, to determine whether a person is a digital native or not, is defined as those who have been on the Internet the lon gest, while they might not have grown up with the Internet when young, they have been submerged in it for the longest period of time (Helsper Eynon, 2010). It is right to say that those working in the Information Technology (IT) sector will be better off than those who are novices to computer software. The age of experience of these experts determines how good they are in IT. A young person who is below the age of 30 is considered digital native as they will be able to figure out the program easily. This is due to the fact that when digital natives come out into the world, most of the technologies have already been so advanced, some of which are computerised, therefore it is not surprising to know that these natives are already submerged in the digital world.Self-efficacy refers to a persons belief that they can perform adequately in a situation. (Wood, Zeffane, Fromholtz, Wiesner, Creed, 2010). Gender is a manifest is an example for self-efficacy. Many tend to have a perception that boys are better in Mathematics and Physics than girls. Due to this, the self-efficacy produced from boys will be higher hence their thought processes are better. Likewise for self-efficacy in digital natives, as many perceive that young people, who are born after 1980, to be better at IT skills and knowledge. This led to the increase in their (digital natives) self-efficacy, which also resulted in them being better than the older people digitally.Education manifestly means the depth with which people are knowledgeable in skillful skills and knowledge, and whether education can determine whether someone is a digital native. agree to (Prensky, 2001), the single biggest problem facing education today is that our Digital Immigrant instructors, who speak an outdated language (that of the pre-digital age), are struggling to teach a population that speaks an entirely new language.Based on the arguments provided in this essay, it can be concluded that Helsper and Eynons argument t hat breadth of use, experience, self-efficacy and education are just as, if not more, important than age in explaining how people become digital natives (Helsper Eynon, 2010) holds water. totally the factors mentioned are all equally important in defining digital natives. Breadth of use shows us the number of people who use internet on a daily basis. Experience is dependent on the date one has worked with technology. A digital native is also determined by the self-efficaciousness they exhibit is towards modern technology such as computers and electronic devices. A strong educational background does not prove the existence of digital natives as many digital natives in this world are not well-educated. These factors are as important as age.

Analysing factors influencing customer satisfaction

Analysing factors influencing client delightFor this study, books freshen leave alone be based on several(prenominal) theoretical concepts to a greater extent(prenominal) than(prenominal) as discusses the resemblanceship surrounded by, perceive woodland, sensed determine, guest expectation and collective regard that affects the guest at superstarment.2.1 client merrimentThe summation in engine room has imposed vigorous operators to provide nodes with new features in their connection so that save breathing clients. The relationship between helper attribute and perceived grade should be freely brought to a taper by the gain supplier in curiosity with gladness. client rapture is in that respect in general, appraisal after using a redevelopment of process for a symbolize set a time. Different factors take a crap different influence on nodes, these factors should be taken in order to account magic spell devising a strategy for node comfort Hee jin(2006). Heejin Lim A1 and Archana Kumar A2http//inderscience.metapress.com/app/home/contri preciselyion.asp?referrer=p bentbackto=issue,4,8journal,11,39linkingpublication heads,1110880,1The al roughly commonplace interpretations obtained from various authors reflect the nonion that cheer is a feeling which results from a process of evaluating what has been happend against what was evaluate, including the purchase decision itself and the call for and wants associated with the purchase (Armstrong Kotler, 1996). Bitner Zeithaml (2003) express that gladness is the clients military rank of a overlapion or armed supporter in terms of whether that return or serving has met their needs and expectations. According to Boselie, Hesselink, and Wiele (2002) rapture is a verificatory, affective state resulting from the appraisal of all aspects of a partys working(a) relationship with an other. The definition provided by Boselie et al. (2002) has been theatrical roled for this study.( article02_JanApr2009 )IntroductionIn apiece company, nodes atomic number 18 the most all important(predicate) element and atomic number 18 required to be handled and managed properly. The customers be satisfied when their expectations atomic number 18 fulfilled and delighted when their expectations be exceeded. at ease customers remain loyal buy more are less reactive and speak verificatoryly about the company (Brown et al., 1992). node merriment unremarkably indicates customer response to the state of fulfillment, and customer opinion of the fulfilled sort out (Oliver, 1997). Kotler (1997) defines customer rapture as blessedness is a persons feelings of pleasure or disappointment resulting from comparing a results perceived performance (or outcome) in relation to his or her expectations. Recently the concept of customer gladness has current much attention. Satisfaction may be defined as a consumers post-purchase military rank of a product o r usefulness (Zeithaml Bitner, 2003). In the past, many assembly linees took their customers for granted.Brown, T.J., Churchill, G.A. Peter, J.P. (1992). meliorate the standard of go note School of Business, University of Wisconsin-Madison.Oliver, C. (1997). Sustainable competitive good Combining institutional and resource-based tidy sums. Strategic Management Journal, 18(9), 697-713.Kotler, P. (1997). Marketing management Analysis, plan, implementation, and control. rising Jersey Prentice Hall.Ziethaml, V.A. Bitner, M.J. (2003). serve wells merchandiseplaceing Integrating customer focus across the squiffy. Boston, MA McGraw-Hill.In the business when debating factors for service provider bore of service, customer think of and customer joy are becoming important. That is why mellowed service feeling should be focused for greater drug user allegiance to achieve higher customer gaiety and to profit stupendous competitive advantage, keep for the future customer ecstasy the operator should not disregard reliability and assurance because on that point is a verifying performance of reliability, pledge, and ne devilrk grapheme on their satisfaction (Hing-Po 2002). Yonggui Wang, Hing-Po Lo, (2002) Service choice, customer satisfaction and port intentions Evidence from Chinas telecommunication industry, info, Vol. 4 Iss 6, pp.50 60Whereas both service quality and customer satisfaction get down certain things in common, satisfaction is widely spoted as a broader concept than service quality term thus perceived service quality is a component of customer satisfaction (Zeithaml and Bitner, 1996).Attempts to understand customer satisfaction grammatical executeion have produced several important insights. For example, disinformation and perceived quality were found to affect customer satisfaction more than expectations (Churchill and Surprenant, 1982) and expectancy-disinformation (Oliver and DeSarbo, 1988 Yi, 1990). Anderson and Sullivan (1993) also showed satisfaction to be a division of disinformation and perceived quality.Accordingly, customer satisfaction programs were praised as important implements that can increase lucre by averting customers from deserting (Reichheld and Sasser, 1990).client satisfaction usually con sidered as customer reaction to the state of gratification and customer mind of the performed state (Oliver, 1997).Customer satisfaction is totally anxious with the run provided to and perceived by the customers, if at that place is high similar between perceived and provided services than the customer satisfaction aim is very high that rulely leads to high customer loyalty for mobile service providers (MSP) and the opposite. There are many benefits for a firm from a high customer satisfaction level, they imprison a high market share and capable of keep and maintain it a demand and core policy of every business that heightens customer loyalty and prevents customer switching costs, increase s customer wrong endurance, reduces marketing cost (Fornell, 1992).Customer satisfactionThe index indicates how much customers are satisfied and how well their expectations are met. This hold evaluates general satisfaction level of customers, fulfillment of their expectations, and companys performance versus the ideal provider.Customer satisfactionSeveral studies have shown that it costs about five clock to gain a new customer as it does to keep an existing customer (Naumann, 1995) and these results into more interest in customer relationships. Thus, several companies are adopting customer satisfaction as their operational goal with a conservatively designed framework. Hill and Alexander (2000) wrote in their book that companies now have big investment in database marketing, relationship management and customer planning to move closer to their customers. Jones and Sasser (1995) wrote that achieving customer satisfaction is the main goal for most service firms today.Increasing customer satisfaction has been shown to directly affect companies market share, which leads to improved profits, positive recommendation, lower marketing expenditures (Reichheld, 1996 Heskett et al., 1997), and greatly restore the bodied effigy and survival (Pizam and Ellis, 1999).Studies that supported the notion that expectations precede satisfaction embarrass Anderson, Fornell and Lehmann (1994), who conducted investigation on Swedish firms and reported that there is a positive and significant relationship between expectations and customer satisfaction.DefinitionCustomer satisfaction as a process is defined as an military rank between what was veritable and what was evaluate (Oliver, 1977, 1981 Olson and Dover, 1979 Tse and Wilton, 1988), emphasizing the perceptual, evaluative and psychological processes that contribute to customer satisfaction (Vavra, 1997, p. 4).Parker and Mathews (2001) however noted that the process of satisfaction definitions concentrates on the antec edents to satisfaction rather than satisfaction itself.Satisfaction as a process is the most widely adopted description of customer satisfaction and a solidifying of research efforts have been directed at understanding the process climb up of satisfaction evaluations (Parker and Mathews, 2001). This approach has its origin in the discrepancy theory (Porter, 1961), which argued that satisfaction is determined by the perception of a difference between around standard and actual performance.Customer satisfaction to some organizations is a strike to success the reason here is to check the ability of their product to reciprocate as much customers as they can, so that they can be the market leaders in their field. Many organizations followed the strategy of customer satisfaction and became the nutriment legends e.g. Coke, Nestle, Shell Petroleum, Nokia, Sony and the list goes on and on. all(prenominal) company mentioned here are an innovator and a market leader in any one or two of their products.Customer Satisfaction in TelecommunicationsThe academic literature on customer satisfaction in telecommunications is congenatorly scattered and broadly speaking concerned with mobile telecommunications customers (Woo and Fock 1999 Lee ct al. 2001). In particular, Woo and Fock (1999) examined the behavior of mobile telecommunication customers in Hong Kong. Transmission quality and network reportage were found to be the most important factors driving customer satisfaction in their study giving, therefore, high priority to product functionality in assessing the satisfaction of individual customers. In a similar vein, Lee et al. (2001) have examined the interaction between customer satisfaction, switching costs and loyalty behavior in mobile telecommunications in France. Schul and Schiff (1993), canvas the satisfaction function of telecommunications customers in Israel, examined the impact of different research strategies on customer satisfaction ratings. That is, t hey examined the impact of placing the misgiving of overall customer satisfaction either at the beginning or at the end of the customer satisfaction questionnaire. It was found that placing the overall customer satisfaction question at the end of the questionnaire increases the correlation between the uncomplete satisfaction coefficients and the overall customer satisfaction ratings.The current literature, however, addresses specific aspects of telecommunications but docs not provide an overall understanding of the dynamics of customer satisfaction. In a series of articles Finkelman et al. (1992a, 1992b) sought to address the problem of how customer satisfaction systems should be designed on behalf of telecommunications providers. They propose customer satisfaction cadencys focussing on grow from sales, installation, product usage, repair, and billing. All different aspects of customer-provider contacts require a customer satisfaction framework that will help oneself the selec tion of deaf(p) customer opinion about their experience with the telecommunication operator. This research, along side the consulting contributions of Gale (1994) are among the first public material concerning the transaction-specific customer satisfaction measurement in telecommunications.( )2.2 perceived qualityIn recent years, there was the increment grandeur of service quality and customer satisfaction in business and academia alike. Sureshchandar et al, (2003) and determined that the balance of power between service quality and customer satisfaction with an emphasis on these two craps is the concept differs from the view of customers.According to customer perception Kim et al, 2004) perceived quality depends on the confederacy of experience, word of mouth and the future intuition of quality of the mobile service. Every mobile customer requires best quality accordingly. Since companies are going on continuous improvement in quality through the modish technology, install ment costly equipments, trying to improve call clarity and coverage.It is also discovered that customer satisfaction is as well dependent on perceived quality and has the positive role towards the dependent. Similarly, user loyalty equally important has the stronger link with user satisfaction. Hence, proper care should be taken while formulating any long term policy for customer satisfaction. At blend for building, customer satisfaction is a main determining(prenominal) (Serkan 2005). perceive quality is the limit up to which the product or service provided the necessary needs of users with more satisfaction.They were seen consumer expectations and services to be main precedents for the perceived service quality Measures the quality of service that focuses on a variety of such carnal aspects, reliability and speed of response, and to ensure sympathy (Parasuraman et al, 1985).(Zeithaml and Bitner, 1996) said both service quality and customer satisfaction has convinced things in common, satisfaction is generally observed as a broader concept than service quality appraisal thus, perceived service quality is a component of customer satisfaction.Service quality was defined as the difference between the dimensions in customers perceived service and expectations of service (Parasuraman et al., 1988).Service quality is usually defined as the customers impression of the congenatorinferiority/superiority of a service provider and its services (Bitner and Hubert,1994) and is often considered similar to the customers overall attitude towards the company (Parasuraman et al., 1988 Zeithaml, 1988 Bitner, 1990).perceived service quality (Parasuraman et al., 1985, 1988). Gronroos (1982) suggests that the consumers expectations are also influenced by marketing activities, extraneous influences and word-of-mouth. He identifies two types of service quality technical, related to what the customer gets from a service and functional, associated with how the service is delivere d.perceived quality is the served markets evaluation of recent using up experience. This construct evaluates customization and reliability of a given product or service. Customization is the arc head to which a product or service meets a customers requirements, and reliability is the degree to which rms offering is reliable, standardized, and free from decencies.PQ is judge to have a positive establish on PV and customer satisfaction (Fornell et al., 1996), and to be positively affected by come across (Andreassen and Lindestad, 1998).SERVICE QUALITYAnother factor that contributes to satisfaction is service quality. Service quality is defined as the difference between customer expectations and perceptions of service or as the customers satisfaction or dissatisfaction formed by their experience of purchase and use of the service (Gronroos, 1984 and Parasuraman et al.1988).Oliver (1993) reported that service quality is a casual antecedent of customer satisfaction, due to the fact that service quality is viewed at transactional level and satisfaction is viewed to be an attitude. Dabholkar et al. (1996) and Zeithaml et al. (1996) reported that the service quality divisions are related to overall service quality and or customer satisfaction. Fornell et al., (1996) expressed that satisfaction is a consequence of service quality. Hurley and Estelami (1998) argued that there is causal relationship between service quality and satisfaction, and that the perceptions of service quality affect the feelings of satisfaction.Pizam and Ellis (1999) stated that the gap that may exist between the customers expected and perceived service quality is a vital determinant of customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction, and not just only a measure of the quality of the service.Previous studies on mobile telecommunication services, heedful services quality by call quality, pricing structure, mobile devices, take account-added services, convenience in procedures, and customer support (Kim, 2000 Gerpott et al., 2001 Lee, Lee, Freick, 2001).Perceived quality is measured through triplet questions overall quality, reliability, and the extent to which a product or service meets the customers needs.Satisfaction Measurement Perceived Quality MeasuresPerceived quality is often measured through three measures overall quality, perceived reliability, and the extent to which a product or service meets the customers needs. Customer perceptions of quality are the single great predictor of customer satisfaction.2.3 perceived pass judgmentAccording to Heinonen (2004) defined perceived value as the consumers overall judicial decision of the usefulness of a product based on perceptions on what is received and what is given. Companies are able to increase customer satisfaction by creating customer value through a lot of means such as providing customers with the comparative net value, the instaliveness, efficiency, and eminence of services, which can be delivered via logis tics (Langley Holcomb 1992). Both time and place of service preservation are indicated to be important dimensions of customer perceived value, and when or where the service is delivered should be determined by consumers rather than by companies.Perceived value is related to the price extent of mobile services. Because all the businesses in the ball are done for profit so investment in mobile industry is also for some advantage in terms of profits. So those gratify the basic and awaited customer value companies do not have to put so much effort into what they are doing (Gunnar Malin, 2006). On the assumption, that everyone in the world is seeking his/her benefits so customers are also expecting benefits in terms of values. Intentions to adopt or reject a mobile service seem to be determined to a greater degree by perceived benefits than by a perceived limit (Ancker et al, 2003). As MSPs are investing a lot but calm there are much badly in the real and perceived value of the cust omers, latest survey by Barnhoorn (2006) show that although there is progress but still perceived value from the telecom players has the lowest achieve, this is risen from 71% in 2005 to 76% in 2006. However, how and to which extent MSPs are charging their customers and give the value to the customers. MSPs have to increase the switching cost in order to increase ingrained life customer value and customer retention by implementing relationship-oriented marketing strategies (Hankel et al, 2006). As the companies give high value to customers in terms of charges than a satisfaction level gets high that leads to customer loyalty.The impact of value on customer satisfaction is studied by Cottet, Lichtl, and Plichon (2006). By adopting the definition suggested by Holbrook (1996, 1999), they defined customer perceived value as an interactive, preferential and relative experience. Results of their research reveal that both utilitarian and hedonic values are positively related with customer satisfaction, and further, hedonic value is suggested to be more important for customer satisfaction than a utilitarian value.PV Perceived value is measured through two questions overall price given quality and overall quality given price. Although perceived value is of great importance for the (first) purchase decision, it usually has somewhat less impact on satisfaction and repeat purchase.Satisfaction Measurement Perceived Value MeasuresPerceived value may conceptually refer to the overall price divided by quality or the overall quality divided by price. Perceived value is measured in many ways including overall evaluation of value, expectations of price that would be paid, and more rigorous methodologies including the Van Wes tendorp pricing analysis, and conjoint analysis (other Qualtrics white papers and tutorials are available on these topics).Perceived valuePV is the perceived level of product quality relative to the price paid by customers. PV is the rating of the price p aid for the quality perceived and a rating of the quality perceived for the price paid (Fornell et al., 1996). PV structure provides an opportunity for comparison of the rms according their price-value ratio (Anderson et al., 1994). In the CSI-TMPS model, PV is expected to be positively affected by PQ, and it has a positive impact on satisfaction.Perceived value is defined as the results or benefits customers receive in relation to total costs (which include the price paid convinced(p) other costs associated with the purchase) or the consumers overall assessment of what is received relative to what is given (Holbrook,1994 and Zeithaml, 1988).Additionally, Zeithaml (1988) found out that customers who perceive that they receive value for notes are more satisfied than customers who do not perceive they receive value for money.Several studies have shown that perceived value is significant determinant of customer satisfaction (Anderson et al. (1994) Ravald and Gronroos (1996) and McDou gall and Levesque, 2000). Turel and Serenko (2006) in their investigation of mobile services in Canada suggested that the degree of perceived value is a key factor touch on customer satisfaction.Past research studies suggested that there are four features, which are key drivers of the customer value of cellular services network quality, price, customer care, and personal benefits (Booz, Allen Hamilton, 1995, Danaher Rust, 1996 Bolton, 1998 Gerpott, 1998 Wilfert, 1999).The network quality refers to excellent indoor and outdoor coverage, role clarity, and no connection breakdowns.Price refers to what is paid to obtain access to use the network.Customer care refers to the quality of the information exchanged between customer and supplier or network provider in response to enquiries and other activities initiated by the network provider, for example presentation of invoices.Personal benefits refer to the level of perception of the benefits of mobile communications services by indivi dual customers.It is ostensible from this review that one of the factors customers use to determine satisfaction level is the benefits received from a product or service in comparison with what is spent. Perceived value is not a focus of this study (however customer satisfaction evaluation captures perceived value the assessment shows what consumers value in the service received). The suggested mobile services attributes (features) will be used to assess customer satisfaction in this study.2.4 Customer ExpectationExpectations are the consequences of previous experience with the companys products. This erected appraises customer expectations for overall quality, for product and service quality, and for fulllment of personal needs. Customer expectations construct is anticipated to have a direct and positive relationship with customer satisfaction (Anderson et al., 1994).Customer expectationsExpectations are the results of prior experience with the companys products. This construct ev aluates customer expectations for overall quality, for product and service quality, and for fulfillment of personal needs. Customer expectations construct is expected to have a direct and positive relationship with customer satisfaction (Anderson et al., 1994). In the ACSI and ECSI, it is assumed that customer expectations have a direct strength on perceived value.Customer ExpectationsExpectations combine customers experiences with a product or service and information about it via media, advertising, salespersons, and word-of-mouth from, other customers. Customer expectations influence the evaluation of quality and forecast (from. customers pre-purchase perspective) how well the product or service will perform.2.5 embodied characterisationThe image constructed appraises the funda psychical image of the company. Image applied to the brand name, and the type of connecter customers get from the product/company (Andreassen and Lindestad, 1998). Martensen et al. (2000) indicates that image is an important component of the customer satisfaction model. For the companies, image is a result of being reliable, professional and inventive, having contributions to society, and adding good reputation to its user. It is expected that image has a positive set on customer expectations, customer satisfaction and loyalty.Corporate ImageThe image constructs evaluates the fundamental image of the company. Image refers to the brand name and the kind of association customers get from the product or service /company (Andreassen and Lindestad, 1998). Martensen et al. (2000) indicates that image is an important component of the customer satisfaction model. For the companies, image is a result of being reliable, qualified and innovative, having contributions to society, and adding reputation to its customers. It is expected that image has a positive effect on customer satisfaction.Corporate imageAndreassen and Lindestad (1998) posit that corporal image, through a filtering effect, impacts a customers evaluation of service quality, value, and satisfaction. In other words, corporate image creates a sinker effect on customer satisfaction. In this study, a cumulative or relational level measure reflecting a customers overall impression and mental picture of the firm represents corporate image (Bloemer et al., 1998 Zimmer and Golden, 1988). Consumers who develop a positive mental schema of a brand will tend toward high customer satisfaction through a halo effect where all things associated with the brand are similarly valence. As such ( corporate image )H 5 . Corporate image has a significant, positive effect on customer satisfaction.Corporate image is a result of a customers overall utilisation experiences (Nguyen and Leblanc, 2001). The same mechanism is available for overall satisfaction. Since customer satisfaction and corporate image measures are collected simultaneously, customers consumption experiences, which can be summarized as satisfaction, naturall y affect the evaluations of corporate image (Johnson et al., 2001). For this reason, it is proposed that satisfaction positively affects corporate image in Turkish customer satisfaction index model. (National customer)Concerning the role emotions play in customer evaluations, there is the indication shows that customer satisfaction is influenced by both perceptive and affective constituents (Homburg et al., 2006 Liljander and Strandvik, 1997 Westbrook and Oliver, 1991). In fact, recently there has been growing interest in studying the affective nature of satisfaction (Smith and Bolton, 2002 Zeelenberg and Pieters, 2004). Emotions experienced by individuals may have affective follow in their memory associated with their experience with the service, and these people may admission them when judging their satisfaction level (MacInnis and de Mello, 2005). As emotions predict satisfaction, the positive and negative emotions experienced by customers after complaint handling will impact th eir level of satisfaction with the service (Liljander and Strandvik, 1997 Mano and Oliver, 1993 Szymanski and Henard, 2001 Westbrook and Oliver, 1991). Consumer behavior literature defends a valence congruent relationship between emotions and satisfaction (Dube and Menon, 2000),The CSI model is a structural model based on the assumptions that customer satisfaction is caused by some factors such as perceived quality (PQ), perceived value (PV), expectations of customers, and image of a firm. These factors are the antecedents of overall customer satisfaction.one of the more commonly cited definitions is that supplied by Zeithaml (1988 14), who defined value as the consumers overall assessment of the utility of a product based on perceptions of what is received and what is given. This view posits perceived value as a uni-dimensional construct that can be measured simply by asking respondents to rate the value that they received in making their purchases.Woodruff (1997 142) defined perce ived value asa customers perceived preference for an evaluation of those product attributes, attribute performances, and consequences arising from use that facilitate (or block) achieving the customers goals and purposes in use situations.Woodruff, R.B. (1997) Customer Value The Next Source for belligerent Advantage,Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 25(2) 139-53.Holbrooks typology of perceived value Holbrook (1994 22, 1996 138, 1999 5) defined perceived value as an interactive relativistic preference experience.Customers determine satisfaction level of any purchased service by the perceptions of quality received.The American Customer Satisfaction ModelAccording to the model, there exists a positive association between perceived customer expectations (PE) and perceived quality (PQ), perceived value (PV) and satisfaction. Canada.H 1 . Service quality has a significant, positive effect on customer satisfaction.In addition to the studies above, Fornell et al., (1996) report that the top two determinants of customer satisfaction are perceived quality and perceived value. Thus, the atomic number 42 hypothesis isH 2. Perceived value has a significant, positive effect on customer satisfaction.

Impact Of Internet Advertising On Television Advertising

Impact Of net income advertizement On video recording make knownmentVarious techniques and methods carry been mappingd by advertisers to admit the message their crossing is meant for and to create a fault image. This paper basic all(prenominal)y deals with the evolution of ad, the flakesof publicise and concentrating on the two close important types i.e. television receiver and profits publicize.A comparison has been d one(a)(a) of the two major(ip) types of ad and the impact of mesh advert on television advert is shown.EVOLUTION OF denote primarily the capitalists ruled the market and early advertizing was done by toiletdid announcement of goods or services available in the traditional invoice style. The government stepped in to counterweight the monopoly created by capitalism, exactly nature despises a vacuum and eventually the competing force came along. Once they realised that they were dependent on a angiotensin converting enzyme economy, the adversar ial entities excessively got into the advertising game in narrate to attract business by this actor rather than debasing the market, consumers and separately other.The mass harvest- meterion of posters and circulars was initiated aft(prenominal) the invention of Gutenbergs printing press in 1450.The starting time advertisment was a poster, printed in Englishand introduced in 1472. The main purpose of this handbill was to propagate approximately the sale of a prayer book.This followed by the first newspaper ad, mountain passing a prize money for marking 12 stolen horses, 200 years later.Classified ads started appearing frequently in Englands newsletter by the 17th century.These ads just consisted of the description of the harvest-home and their price whereas color and illustrations were introduced in the late 19th century.The commision system i.e. giving a discount of 25% on the ad space in newspapers, was introduced by the first advertising agency which was set up in 18 41 by Volney Palmer in Boston. The belief of space selling initiated from here. The first full-service advertising agency was N.W.Ayer Son, established in 1869.Pears Soap launched one of the initial highly successful advertising campaigns. doubting Thomas Barratt, Father of modern advertising, introduced a series of advertisements that featured children, nature and good-looking women, in holy order to promote the companys product.The influential inventions that have helped to shape media and in turn advertising atomic upshot 18Printing pressBroadcast of knowledge done in the form of words through and through divers(prenominal) newspapers and magazines. radio setWith the invention of radio, for the first time, advertising was heard and non just underwriten.The sales of products advertised on radio growthd since e real home in America was in a possession of a radio.The advertisers started promoting their products with the approaching of jingles. tv setThe invention chang ed everything. Invented in 1920s, television became popular in 1950s after the decr tranquilize in price.With this invention print and radio had to take a backseat as for the first time a commercial message was spread step forwarded with sight, with child(p) as well as motion.InternetThe invention of network technology has make the jobs of the advertisers quite easier and more than effective as it is a very flop and fast growing converse sensitive that provides the consumer with easy and dissolute access to study and knowledge.WHAT IS ADVERTISING?Advertising derriere be explained as the promotion of ideas, goods or services which results in the promotion of companies. The demand of the product provide be increased by promoting intimately the product through advertising.Some find advertising to be an unnecessary assault on their senses-typified by either a billboard distorting a beautiful adorn or a loud-mouthed boor hard selling something they dont need. Others find it an unnecessary economic burden-the one that inflates the price of everything that is being bought.But advertising actually tends to take many forms apart from the dissimilar definitions given to it. It includes communication that obviously attempts to facilitate a transaction, reaction or action.Social interactions do non necessarily have the variant of advertising in it merely industrial democratic societies revolve around it. Word of mouth is not an appropriate guidance to sell mass produced products-they must be delivered to hostile consumers who have knowledge astir(predicate) them. Similarly an industrialized democratic confederacy bathroomnot operate/survive without competition or the ability of varied competitors to gloweringer alternatives. Mass production, so, is nothing but freedom of speech, long distance.Advertising can be seen as a promoting scheme for a companys products in order to drive sales and services but also to create a brand identity and to co mmunicate changes to the new product/service to the customers.Advertising has reach an integral part of the corporate world and hence companies decorate a considerable amount of revenue on it as their advertising budget.The divers(a) reasons for advertising argonThere atomic number 18 various reasons and media which can be used for advertising. On this basis there are some(prenominal) branches of advertising.Print Advertising Newspapers, Brochures ,Magazines, Fliers It is one of the most popular and common means of advertising. The advertising space is sold according to the position of the advertisement, the area diligent by the advertisement and the readership of the publications.Print media also offers promotional brochures and fliers for advertising purposes. fashion modelOutdoor Advertising Billboards, Tradeshows and Events, Kiosks.It also a very popular medium for advertising attracting the outdoor customers through the use of billboards, kiosks and various events and tradeshows organized by the company.ExampleBroadcast advertising -Radio, Television and the Internet Television, radio and the net income make this medium of advertising very popular amongst the various types of customers.The popularity of television advertisements was seen to grow right after the moment they were introduced. The total cost depends on time of broadcast, the span of the advertisement and the popularity of the television channel on which it is to be broadcasted.ExampleVodafone Essar initiated the Zoozoo campaign and won three awards including two gold and one silver at the AME awards ceremony held in Shanghai.The radio has been decreasing in popularity ever since television and network advertising have been introduced, but facilitate certain tiny-scale advertisers prefer them.Covert Advertising Advertising in Movies This is a special type of advertising in which a brand or product is integrated in some entertainment bring analogous television shows, movies or sports.There is no commercial specifying about the product or brand in the entertainment but it is evidently or subtly showcased in the entertainment show.Examples of covert advertising areThe American Idol judges Paula, Randy and Simon all sitting at their large desk and drinking out of a large cup that says Coca-Cola.BMW, get crosswise and Ashton Martin cars were featured in the recent James Bond movie cassino Royale.Surrogate Advertising Advertising Indirectly It is prominently used in scenarios where advertising a decimal point product has been banned by the law.Products like alcohol and cigarettes are prohibited any kind of advertisement in several countries due to the injurious effect of these products on the health of great deal. These products have to innovatively come up with many other products that might have the like brand name and which will indirectly remind people of the cigarettes or alcohol of the same brand.ExampleKingfisher and Fosters are beer brands that use surrogate advertising to advertise their products.Public Service Advertising Advertising for Social CausesIt is a technique that uses advertising to convey and promote complaisant messages and issues like spherical warming, AIDS, poverty, illiteracy, energy conservation, etc.David Oglivy, one of the founders of marketing and advertising patterns, encouraged the use of advertising for a social cause.He once quotedAdvertising justifies its mankind when used in the public interest it is much too powerful a tool to use solely for commercial purposes.Example credit AdvertisingThe modern day consumer is piecemeal getting immune to the claims made in various advertisements but there is still a partition of advertisers that depend on the celebrities and the popularity that they bring along with them.Celebrity advertising involves write up celebrities for various ad campaigns which includes television ads and print ads.Example picture ADVERTISINGHISTORYBroadcasting developed wit h companies selling radios but sluggishly the companies realised that many households listened to radios for a significant amount of time everyday.These companies started a way to explore this medium as a way to convey their message across to the masses.Radio broadcasting began with radio program broadcast by station WEAF in the New York City on tremendous 28, 1922. It was a 10 minute advertisement for the suburban apartment housing.By the late 20s radio advertising had advanced dramatically and was dominating the advertising world. The utilised the creative component to sell one product or another. This paved way for genesis of television advertising that was predicted to begin in a few more decades.It took United States a long time to recover from the Depression and the World War II which resulted in the gradual hold of the full time telecating until 1948.As television was totally a new phenomenon i.e. the one offering sound and moving pictures, the advertising celestial sphere moved very vigilantly into this domain as they were not certainly what method would work best to promote their rpoducts on television to their customers. aft(prenominal) doing extensive research through study and surveys, the advertising agencies concluded that the most effective way, at that moment, to communicate their consumers was by creating shows that featured a single product or a line of products from a single company.This concept gave rise to television shows of the 1950s like Colgate Comedy Hour, Kraft Television Theater and Coke time.As the television gained popularity with more and more people watching it, the television net kit and boodle raised the cost of doing business and this led to the increase of the cost incurred for telecasting a product on television forcing a massive change between the relationship of advertising agencies, the sponsors/clients and television networks.Sylvester upchuck Weaver, NBC executive, introduced the magazine concept according to whi ch the sponsors would purchase blocks of time in a show instead of sponsoring an entire show.This idea was resisted by Masison Avenue but after experimentation it was seen that this was an effective method in case of various packaged-goods companies manufacturing an abundance of brand names like Procter and Gamble with products like Jif (peanut butter), soar up (detergent) and Crest (toothpaste).The magazine concept prevail the television advertising by 1960 and from thereon. In order to tint maximum name of consumers, sponsors spread their messages across the schedule of various television shows.The evolution of the magazine concept marked the birth of most modern television advertising.CATEGORIES OF tv ADVERTISINGPROS AND CONS OF TELEVISION ADVERTISINGPROSCONSA deal out of people can be reached on an international, national as well as regional level in a short period of time.Viewers may not turn over the commercial if it is not interesting.Different segments of people can be targeted with ease through one medium at the same time.The exposure is particular due to a specified amout of airtime and ad clutter and amount of information communicated is less.Helps to convey the message across with the help of sight, sound and motion and reach diametrical targeted audiences easily.In order for the consumer to retain the advertisement and act, the exposure should not be restricted to a few tote ups. The advertisement needs to reach the charmer minimum 5-7 times or else it will result in nothing but a waste of money.People are not loyal to one channel. Availability of various channels due to wire leads to various choices and so it becomes difficult for an advertiser to know the exact viewing audiencehip for a particular program in order to reach maximum number of people.It is not necessary that a viewer may indulge in watching commercials during a break. Infact he may end up doing lot of other things like going to the bathroom, getting a snack or having a conversation with someoneThe relative cost of commercials is higher since it is supreme in the area of influence and the cost depends on creativity, airtime and production. net profit ADVERTISINGWith the advancement and development in technology came the internet, which is considered to be the most competent channel for communication.Internet was not considered as a serious survival of the fittest for advertising as the websites were expensive and was mainly funded by government and various academic institutions.But nowadays internet advertising has become one the most popular medium and the websites that did not support this did not survive.Internet advertising followed the commencement of the World Wide electronic network. The World Wide Web was introduced in 1991 by CERN fixed in Switzerland. It acted as an easily genial medium for various companies to market their products.Online advertising experienced a fast boom and by 2001, top companies like Yahoo, Microsoft, Ameri can Online and amazon managed to attain a viewership of around 125-442 million viewers.Originally advertisers had to pay to advertise on the internet, mostly in the manner of a banner at the top of a webpage.But nowadays they have to pay depending on the number of clicks their ad receives.The initial web ads were banners which were nothing but horizontal adverts located across the top of the webpage. But with the rapid evolution of the internet, the concept of banners also progressed. Now the information of the advertiser could be obtained just by scrolling the grovel over the banner. Some banners even contain short videos that show the product in action.The advertisers and webmasters found new ways of placing the ads on the internet apart from banners. The ads could now be included within the content of the page, vertical banners and small buttons. Vertical banners became very famous with the advertisers as the viewer can see the ad while scrolling down a long page.Earlier all th ese advertisements were encoded by the webmaster and then added to the webpage but nowadays there are third gear party organisations who do the job of putting the ads into the webpage.Internet advertising has become a necessity for all kinds of organizations, big or small, and it is a lofty situation to not find a marketing department of a large firm that does not include an e-Advertising group.Although it is the most feasible way to advertise, still internet advertising accounts for just 2% of all the advertising spending in the economy today.This is mostly because of ths fact that internet advertisements are much cheaper than the television, radio or print advertisements.TYPES OF INTERNET ADVERTISING streamer ADSTheir main purpose is to do branding so that the consumer can take it later and the other one is to ensure direct sales by either just clicking on the banner or calling the number given in the banner or just visiting the sales location mentioned.ExampleUNICAST ADSThese type of ads pop-up and demonstrate something similar to a miniature television commercial. If the consumer is interested in the ad and wants to learn more about the product, then he can do so by clicking on the ad.ExampleSIDEBAR ADSThese are the ads that are placed vertically on the calculator screen and are generally known as skyscraper ads.They are larger than the banner ads and are more effective then them since they cannot be scrolled off the screen and so the time for which the viewer is on a particular page he has to bear the sidebar ad.ExampleBLOGGINGBlog is a type of website that used to maintain various comment entries, description of events or products and divergent materials like videos and graphics.ExamplePOP-UP ADSThese are ads that pop-up in another window and are more revenue generating then the banner ads.ExampleSEARCH engine SUBMISSIONThis is done by submitting your site to different search engines and works better with smaller search engines.SEARCH ENGINE OPTIM IZATIONThis strategy works by getting your website ranked amongst the top websites which makes it a point that someone is likely to visit your website.TEXT LINKSThese are think which the viewer can click to visit another site. Owners of two websites can agree to swap links meaning that both of them install a link on the other owners site.FLOATING ADSThese ads pop-up on the screen and then drift anywhere within a timespan of 5-30 seconds.ExampleIMPACT OF INTERNET ADVERTISING ON TELEVISION ADVERTISINGThe advertising industry has been dominated by the television industry for all these years until recently with the advent of internet which resulted in a social boom as the social networks provided viewers with online movies and video.A huge amount of time is spent by the viewers on the internet then watching television. Internet helps to adjoin particular interests of people more completely which television fails to do.The internet provides the viewers with more and a better choice whi ch gives them immediate satisfaction by helping them concentrate on the subject they are looking for at that moment. The monopoly of television over its viewers is no longer prevalent and is step by step decreasing.The use of DVRs has also led viewers to switch from television to internet as the DVR owners are now skipping all the television commercials.Television ads are found to be long, troublesome and easily avoidable whereas there are certain types of internet advertising which cannot be avoided and it must be watched since it is skeleton and interesting.The marketers are now accomodating as much as 20% of their advertising budget to internet advertising as internet advertising is more interesting and affects the brand image in a completely different manner as compared to television advertising.Also, different viewers can view different advertisements on the same webpage while browsing through the internet whereas this option is not available with television advertising.Advert isers have realised that internet works as a direct communication medium with their customers and that providing them with effective information about their products, helps them build a customer database for their future use.The major characteristics of internet advertising that distinguishes it from television advertising areCONCLUSIONIn order to reap the benefits of information technology, Internet works as a stepping-stone. The future of internet advertising is very bright and advertisers should refocus their ideologies about advertising in relation to the use of internet and the policy pertaining to privatizing the internet service.The popularity of the internet can be seen by the usage in different regions depicted in the graph belowAs it has been shown above that internet is gradually taking over the advertising market and destroying the monopoly of television advertising, we can easily say that internet advertising can turn out to be the new leader of advertising and enterta inment in future.

Touching Wedding Speech from the Father of the Bride -- Wedding Toasts

Touching espouse lecture from the Father of the Bride Ladies and Gentlemen, all of my guests, I cannot tell you how pleased I am today to see my daughter Anna looking so radiantly happy, as she begins her life with Steven. My wife and I do feel that we be losing Anna, and entrusting her to Steven?s good care. During the past few months as we give birth got to slam him better, he has shown himself to be exactly the sort of person we had hoped Anna would follow ? charming, sincere, and time-tested ? with a clear idea of what he wants from life and how to get through it. At this time, I would like to take this opportunity to formally and wholeheartedly pleasant Steven into our family. I am happy that you will be ploughshare of our family and I look forward to sharing more time with you in the plan of attack year... Touching Wedding Speech from the Father of the Bride -- Wedding ToastsTouching Wedding Speech from the Father of the Bride Ladies and Gentlemen, al l of my guests, I cannot tell you how pleased I am today to see my daughter Anna looking so radiantly happy, as she begins her life with Steven. My wife and I do feel that we are losing Anna, but entrusting her to Steven?s good care. During the past few months as we have got to know him better, he has shown himself to be exactly the sort of person we had hoped Anna would marry ? charming, sincere, and reliable ? with a clear idea of what he wants from life and how to achieve it. At this time, I would like to take this opportunity to formally and wholeheartedly welcome Steven into our family. I am happy that you will be part of our family and I look forward to sharing more time with you in the coming year...

Love in If Thou Must Love Me, Let it be for Naught, To His Lady, and The Taxi :: To His Lady The Taxi poems

chouse in If Thou essential Love Me, let it be for Naught, To His Lady, and The Taxiwhen a valet de chambre deals a woman hed give up tout ensemble(prenominal) his comfort, pause out in the rain, if she said thats the way it ought to be (Percy Sledge). No on-keyr voice communication have ever been spoken when it comes to relationships between man and woman. For when a man and a woman come together for a relationship it should be for the right reason, and that reason is love. Love is much more than just a word though, it is a feeling and emotion that cannot be duplicated, imitated, or simulated. Love is, as described in If Thou Must Love Me, Let it be for Naught, To His Lady, and The Taxi, the emotions of joy, happiness, caring, passion, commitment, pleasure, and even pain all rolled into whizz, which is shared between both people. The only love is true love. This means that when one loves another, the love that they are feeling should encompass all attributes of the mortal they are loving. If one were to say that they loved another for their fair eyes, this would not be true love. In order for it to be love, one would not just see the beautiful eyes, they would see everything about that person as beautiful. Elizabeth Barrett Browning agrees when she says to not love for a smile or a look, instead one should love for loves sake. ?Thou mayst love on, by means of love?s eternity? (206 14). True love is withal a love that is eternal true love is never ending. Henry Howard also believed that love should be everlasting. Wedding vows have become, to a certain extent, things of the past. pot are getting married only to be divorced with in the first couple years of marriage. T disaster death do us part no longerholds meaning in the holy union of two souls. This is not true love. Luckily Howard helps us to see what true love is when he paints us a picture in words in ?To His Lady?. ?In the long night, or in the shortest day/ In lofty youth, or when my hair s gray/ Set me in earth, in heaven, or yet in hell/ Sick, or in health, in ill fame, or in good/ Yours entrust I be? (277 lines 6, 8-9, 11-12). by thick and thin, no matter what happens the man in this poem will stick by his lady.

The War on Drugs is Failing Essay -- George Bushs War on Drugs

The War on Drugs is Failing rampart will operate on great injury to the cause of temperance for it goes beyond the bounds of origin in that it attempts to control a mans appetite by legislation and carry a crime out of things that are non a crime. A bulwark law strikes a blow at the very principle upon which our government was founded Abraham LincolnOn January 16, 1920 the Eighteenth Amendment was approved by thirty-six states and became part of the Constitution. The intention of this new amendment was to lower inebriant employment by the Statesns. At the time each American consumed on average thirty gallons of alcohol a year.1 This new amendment took away the clear to do business from the brewers, distillers, and the wholesale and retail sellers of alcoholic beverages. Alcohol consumption did taper off somewhat at the beginning of prohibition sole(prenominal) to slowly rise back to pre-prohibition levels shortly before the end of the faeces which took place on Decem ber 5,1933. Not only was the goal of prohibition never achieved, but it raised organized crime to levels of power unsufferable before and seriously disrupted both the legitimacy and revenue of the government. beneficial as Prohibition incited many unsavory activities, so has the War on Drugs. The easiest way to show the connection between these to movements is an excerpt from an article pertaining to Prohibition in America during the 1920sBootleggers ran wild. Professional robberies began as soon as Prohibition did. Territories were divided by groups of organized crime that became the scum know as the Mafia. The territories were decided by violence and death, both against each other, as well as those in the public who may/may non have been innoce... ...equipped with state of the art learning tools. Teachers will receive hold raises. Students will be in an environment conducive to learning. Not to citation violence in schools will diminish drastically. Public schools ac ross America would phase out medicine addicts by teaching drug awareness, valuation account and moderation. It is quite clear that the War on Drugs is failing. A drug throw overboard country would be ideal. So would an alcohol-free country, a pollution-free country, and most likely a fast food-free country. None of these things will happen, so we have to make the surpass out of the situation as it is presented. The only practical method of dealing with this problem is the legalization of drugs. The government should take advantage of the money drug revenues will generate to supply the youth of America with the knowledge to make the right choice.