Environmental Sustainability in Hotel Industry

Environmental Sustainability in Hotel IndustryThe project is link to the sustainability of surroundings in the hotel industry on the basis of intemperance centering, and by victorious other concepts from breathing hotel industries. The ultimate aim is dependent on m some(prenominal) of the full of life stages of the thesis akin milieual practices in hotel industry, assessment of different tactics of muck up reduction in kitchen atomic consequence 18a, their importance, take on for environsal sustainability etc.Research was performed to translate closely the milieual concerns of the hotel industry and modern development and trends in the same. A deep literature review was performed to evaluate the current stages of sustainable development in the environment and it indicates a lot of work has been done and lot has to be done in the field of hospitality industry especially in the hotel segment. concord to eco-hotels, concept of sustainable environment is becoming fami liar as days go by.The abstract of hotel was purposefully done to get an idea about the preferences in customer demands so as to get the main drivers of the market. Waste care is very(prenominal) useful in identifying the weaker points related to the environmental concerns and shocks. It helps to prioritize different aspects of environmental contract.INTRODUCTIONThe concept of Sustainability is not new to us. It is the capacity to endure. Now a days be realise of global warming, tourism and hospitality industry be facing so more problems. It is meaty for us to write out severally and every factor which affects hospitality industry positively or negatively. Now tourists are very take a crap-to doe with about environmental issues. They are demanding eco products, places which are managed in environmentally-aware or friendly manner. But again in hotel industry it is very difficult to convince guest to use eco products or recycled products. Because guests think if they pay a high price for one night stay, why should they compromise with the facilities provided. For example, if guest pays 150 GBP a day and hotel asks the guest to reuse same bed sheet or towel for 2 days then the hotel should reduce room rate. Again the customers reactions to the customer experiences are main concern for the service industry. This is all about environmental sustainability. Ryan (2002) states, future tourism must be concerned with more than just sustainability. Perhaps, after leash decades of academics and planning literature on sustainability, we might change our view and speak of sustainable value creation for each of the tourist, the tourist industry and communities.Sustainability is not completely about environment. thither are four main types of sustainability human, social, economical and environmental. Out of the four, concentrating on environmental sustainability is the need of the hour. United Nations defines it as Meeting the needs of the hand over without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Environmental sustainability maintains the balance between social and economical development keeping in mind environmental protection.As we all know that the hotels are a crock up of the tourism industry. For Tourism industry it is very essential to protect our environment i.e. Environmental Sustainability. So we scarcet joint automatically sustain the hotel industry. The hotel industry is correctly managed in protected areas, and it can become an effective instrument and an economic re start towards conservation. The main factors affecting an establishment in its effort to make better its market share involve hoteliers, consumers and employees in ship canal that contribute to an eco friendly environment. This proposed get will serve to offer such an run intoing of these environmental demands in bear upons to the Hotel industry and potential/existing organisational success based on proper focus surrounding them. There are a number of hotels which are participating in environmental programmes. Ecotourism destinations tend to be self destructive and risky due to improper audits and environmental assessments. Sustainable hotel trading operations are the once that aim at minimizing their impact on surrounding natural environment and society. Environmental management in hotels is that minimises the impact of hotel practices on environment such as.BACKGROUND OF STUDYIn the last decade of the 20th century, incorporation of environmental sustainability began in the hotel industry. This philosophy changed into an agenda. This was developed into agendum 21 which is a programme run by the United Nations and is related to sustainable development. This was the first summit that discusses global warming issues. One of the projects launched in 1995 at bottom the framework of Agenda 21 i.e. Sustainable Salen. The main aim of this project was to relate to the threat of erosion of some slope, tout management and licentiousness water treatment within Salen area. With the ad option of Agenda 21, hotel industry was overly encouraged to adopt practices which helped in environmental sustainability.Halme M. emailprotected LEARNING FOR SUSTAINABILE DEVELOPMENT IN TOURISM NETWORKS. JAN 2001.Now more and more hotels are taking part in sustainability practices to reduce their impact on nature. *Around 80% of European hoteliers are involved in this environmental programme. resembling promotion of eco products, energy conservation programme, waste management programme, recycle, reusing product etc. But again this helps in increasing the profit levels of the organisation by domineering the expenditures. This is for the organisations benefit. But looking for an environmental benefit what are the measures hotels take internally. Hotels should identify areas for improvement and innovation at the property level and support the efforts of the Green Teams at each of the departments. Work di ligently to minimize the organisational waste stream and conserve natural resources manage water, energy, and food as well.STUDY RATIONALEEnvironmental Sustainability is involve for the protection of the natural resources. Because of pollution, population these resources are on the way of vanishing. Human activities are responsible for these problems. They are using these resources in an improper way which is the cause for global warming. It is a vainglorious issue in front of the world and because of those historic monuments are damaged and places of visit are polluted and the flow of visitors is decreasing. As memoriseing about this industry it is very essential to know each and every factor which affects positively and negatively on hotel industry. As we all know that again the hotel industry is a part of environment. If hotel industry is correctly managed in protected areas it can become an effective instrument and an economic resource toward conservation. In terms of learni ng about sustainability development it seems that there need to be stakeholders to make wider understanding of it. So now hotels are also taking efforts to improve its employees share in ways that they contribute for eco friendly environment. Kitchen is an area where the most of the waste is produced compared to the other departments of the hotel. This area was neglected some years ago but now most of the hoteliers are focusing to treat the waste in kitchen area. This proposed study will serve to offer such an understanding of these environmental demands in regards to the hotel industry and existing organisational successes in waste management programme in kitchen department based on proper focus surrounding them.1.4. OBJECTIVESPrevious study has identified waste management as a key with respect to the environmental sustainability in hotel industry. Therefore waste management, which includes the recycling, reuse etc., plays a crucial occasion in the success of environmental sustain ability in hotel industry.This study is concerned with the kitchen waste management practices in hotel orbit. The selection of kitchen area particularly because a number of studies develop noted a significant performance in other department like Housekeeping and Front Office etc. than kitchen. This lag has been largely attributed to the wishing of attention or participation of staff in kitchen area. The oration is therefore concerned with the reasons for this lag and how they might be addressed based on investigation in this area. Following are some of the objectives which we have examineTo assess the need for Environmental Policies and Management in the hotel sector.To evaluate the current situation with regard to environmental policies and actions in the hotel sector.To undertake a lesson study focusing on waste management in hotel kitchens in order to assessa. The potential of current environmental management practicesb. The barriers to further improvement in waste manageme nt practicesc. The factors influencing attitudes of kitchen staff to waste management practices4. To assess the contribution that waste management can make to environmental sustainability in the hotel sector5. To make recommendations on how waste management practices in the hotel sector can be improved.1.5 DISSERTATION social structureThis dissertation consists of six chapters in which main subjects about environmental sustainability are outlined and analysed. This dissertation starts with the execute summary in which the whole dissertation is explained briefly. offshoot chapter is Introduction where the aims and objectives, background as well as the structure of this study are described which give a main scenario in this particular subject.Chapter two consists of literary works Review where the previous research is critically reviewed for the good understanding of environmental sustainability and waste management concept, theory and new trends which came into the hotel industry that are very essential and relevant with this study. Different authors research and thoughts serve very informative about environmental sustainability as well as their importance. This chapter represents the deep study and conceptual framework related topic leading to the research.Chapter leash is the methodology of this dissertation. It is about how the research is done, what are the strategies apply, sampling of entropy, case study approach with the evidence of case study and procedures of discourses are introduced in this chapter. Finally the research model is presented at the end of this chapter.Chapter four demonstrate the finding and analysis of the data tranquil from interviews. This analysis of data collection is the stem for conclusion and recommendation.Chapter pentad is about lead of finding and analysis. This study outlines some important recommendation and limitations of the case study as well as some suggestions for future research.The flow of this study is illustrated in Figure 1.Identify Research topic and Research QuestionsCritically Review LiteratureDevelop Conceptual FrameworkSelection of Methodology entropy CollectionSample SelectionSecondary information Primary DataAnalysis of DataPresenting Findings and ResultsConclusion, recommendation, and Suggestions for Future Research2. LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this chapter is to identify and review the relevance of previous literature in order to better understand environmental sustainability and waste management programme in hotel industry. This chapter is divided into seven sections. The second section presents a brief summary of the Sustainable development in hotel industry. Third section focuses on environmental management in hotel sector. Section four argues about the motivation for ISO 14001 in hotels and other environmental certifications. Section five introduces the waste management definition and concept. Section six examines the situation of waste manage ment programme in hotel sector. And lastly chapter seven focuses on the kitchen department and waste management in kitchen area.2.2 ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT IN HOTEL INDUSTRYThe term sustainability first came into existence used in 1970s when more attention was disposed(p) to taking care of environment and overutilization of it. The most common used definition was named by the World Commission on Environment and development in 1983. Later in the year 1987, this report called as Brundtland report. accord to Brundtland report, Sustainability Development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. It is also explained by John Elkington in the book Cannibal with Forks that it is a triple bottom line which covers factors like economic, environmental and social. In practical terms, political party should not only consider the financial benefits but also look at the environmental and social functi oning. A Sustainability Development, though it is a vital component of gainfulness for hotel industry today and an opportunity for the industry, again it is about meeting the ever-increasing challenges due to environmental, social, economic and technological changes that are faced by hotel sectors. Sustainability is a crying need for hotel industry on the path of rapid economic growth. Practitioner should emphasise the efforts of hospitality business to promote sustainable development by conserving natural and ethnic resources on which hospitality industry depend. The simple and easy to understand definition of Sustainability Development is the 3Ps acronym Profit, People, and Planet. It means profit is for people on the planet. *But planet is at risk. Approximately 6 million people are at risk due to natural disasters like flooding and droughts. Climate change is a gigantic problem which is concern for this risk. Our planets natural resources are on the way of vanishing. Human ac tivities are responsible for overutilization of these resources. People should focus on renewable resources or else than non-renewable such as solar, water, etc. Now governments, consumer groups, non-government brasss are taking part to make awareness of this programme and to educate people about this.In recent years, Sustainable Development has taken centre stage in the hospitality industry. So much has been written and spoken about sustainability, but not much has done for the implementation of sustainability practices. There are very few examples about sustainable initiatives There is a need of more critical evaluation of existing things and techniques in the area of sustainability.The main purpose of sustainability development is to secure economic development, social equity and environmental protection and they are interdependent on each other. As we are not sure about our future, but it should be preferably sustainable one.2.3 An Overview of Environmental Management in Hotel SectorThere are currently a number of significant environmental threats which creating risk for future generation like the green house effect and depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer, over-consumption of non-renewable resources and global air pollution, etc. The hotel industry discovers many of the conflicts which arise when carrying out environmental policies. Hotel is industry which comes more contact with people and can make more awareness of environmental management programmeEnvironment Management is management of an organization in such a way that it will reduce or eliminate the negative impact on the environment without having any harmful impact on our future generation. In other words its fulfilling the present needs without harming the future generation needs.In this era of time all the different types of industries are trying to step forward and help prevent or minimize the negative impact on the environment for the betterment of the future.Our Hotel Sector is one of those industries which have been taking very active participation in this area. Hotel industry as compare to the other big production industries has a relatively less impact to the environment and as the people have started realizing the importance of the environment impact so its a mixed bag of way to improve the chain of the brand in front of the guests and also a way to help the environment.In order to carry out the environment management properties carry out an audit which helps them to understand the scope and areas where they can implement new standards. Many properties form a committee which meets on a periodical basis and discuss policies and standards to improve the system. Government have also started many rewards which motivates the properties to take active part in the environment management. As any rewards achieved will help to improve the brand image and as this generation is more interested towards the environment friendly things so it helps the property to improve their image and get more business.Some of the methods followed in our industries to help improve environment management areConserving natural resourcesRecyclingWaste reductionRaising environment awareness among guests and the associatesReduction of pollutionImportance of environment managementFocuses on continual improvement of the systemEnvironment Management helps cost control. As many properties have implemented recycling policies for example glass, plastic, office paper, printer and copy machine toner cartridges. In guest rooms many hotels have a recycling container which gives the guest a opportunity to be a part of the good work.Provides a systematic way of managing an organizations environmental affairsWater conservation is a very good option in this management. Hotels have started to recycle the water with proper treatment and use of low flow. Restrictors on faucets and showerheads which help to save a lot of water. Use of low-flow fixtures saves a thousand of gallons per y ear.Training the staff in a proper way will help to carry out this mold in effective way and awarding their efforts to help the environment will make the staff more interest in putting their efforts in to it. load-bearing(a) the guests to take part in helping the environment by using good green choice programs which will make them interested to take part in to it will also help to reach our ultimate goal.Menu planning to reduce waste foodIt is a system which serves as a tool to improve environmental performanceGives order and consistency for organizations to address environmental concerns through the allocation of resources, assignment of responsibility and ongoing evaluation of practices, procedures and transitiones2.4 motive for ISO 14001 in the hotel industryThe 1SO 14001 is a standard for Environment Management System (EMS) which is developed by International Organization for Standardization. It is for all types of business and organization. It is a nongovernment organization launched in 1947. The ISO 14001 EMS is with the particular(prenominal)ation of guidance for use. According to Tibor Feldman (1996) T. Tibor and I. Feldman, ISO 14000 a guide to the new environmental management standards (pp. 237), Irwin Professional Publishing, Chicago (1996).Tibor Feldman, 1996, ISO 14000 standards were developed mainly in retort to the development of national EMS standards in various countries, which forced companies to deal with dozens of potentially incompatible systems from each country in which they conducted business. There are number of hotels like Inter-Continental, Marriott, Hilton International, Ramada and Holiday Inn Worldwide have taken initiative by adopting environmental programmes to protect our planet. There are various reasons for to adopt this programme. Hotel sector can reduce their impact by implementing environmental programmes like water, energy and material conservation and reducing operating cost. By doing so, they could also achieve co mpany image and customer satisfaction.2.5 An introduction to waste management2.5.1 DefinitionIt is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or organization, and monitoring of waste materials.The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and is chiefly undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the environment or aesthetics. Waste management is also carried out to recover resources from it. Waste management can involve solid, liquid, aeriform or radioactive substances, with different methods and fields of expertise for each2.5.2 Concept of Waste ManagementThere are a number of concepts about waste management which vary in their usage between countries or regions. Some of the most general, widely used concepts includeWaste HierarchyThis power structure mainly based upon the following 3R concepta make out b Reuse c reuse.This classifies waste management strategies according to their desirability in terms of waste minimization. This will use as a most useful technique in todays era and which is a cost effective too. The aim of the waste hierarchy is to extract the maximum practical benefits from products and to generate the minimum amount of waste.Polluters Pay PrincipleIn this concept the waste generator has to bear the cost of waste disposal and generally he has to bear the cost which compensates the harm caused to the environment. According to the waste management, the manufacturing business of the waste has to pay/compensates against waste decomposition charges.Extended producer responsibility Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is a strategy designed to promote the integration of all costs associated with products throughout their life cycle (including end-of-life disposal costs) into the market price of the product. In this the manufacturer has to bear the all charges which are responsible for all waste produced during each phase of it like waste produced during manufacturing, packaging, selling. In this system producer has the liability of the waste generated throughout the life cycle of the product.According to the diagram which is above shows that the two approaches to the waste managementMost favoured optionThis contains the methods which are generally used so that it will make the waste disposal easy. They arePreventionReduce or minimisationReuseRecycleLeast favoured optionThis contains the methods which are generally not used because of the expensiveness or not easily accessible or may be these methods are land, capital, time, and beat back consuming. These are two viz energy recovery and disposal.2.5.3 ProcedureThe few basic principles to reduce solid waste to be followed by every nation (Jonkoping, Swedan, 1993)Reduce the amount of thrash discardedReduce the amount of unnecessary packagingAdopt practices that reduce waste toxicityReuse containers and productsConsider reusable products get and repair durable productsReuse bags, containers and other itemsBorrow, rent or share items used infr equentlySell or donate goods instead of throwing themRecycle -use recycled materials and convertChoose recycle products and recycle themSelect products from recycled materialsCompost yard trimmings and some food scrapsRespond to the solid waste dilemma by reconsidering waste-producing activities and by expressing preferences for less wasteEducate others on source reduction and recycling practicesMake your preferences known to manufactures, merchants and community leadersBe -creativefind new ways to reduce waste quantity and toxicity2.5.3 Importance2.6 Role of Hotel industry in Waste Management Programmes2.7 Hotel Waste Management in Kitchen areaCHAPTER 3 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY3.1 IntroductionThis chapter talks about the methodology used by the researcher for this study. This mainly focuses on the research objective and defines the specific guideline which helps to researcher for the research design, research methods and approach, process, strategy, sources of data collecti ons, sampling issues and procedures for interviews, etc. In short this chapter illustrates the concept which used for capital and secondary data collection. According to Sekaran (1992), research has been defined asAn organised systematic, data based, critical, scientific enquiry and investigation into a specific problem, undertaken with the objective of finding answers or solutions to it.-Sekaran (1992)The research methodology of the present dissertation is influenced and structured by the process onion, which was introduced by Saunders et al. (2003). In order to write the methodology this section divided into five sections which provides clear write up about the dissertation research process.3.1 Research PhilosophyA research philosophy represents a researchers perception of the way knowledge is constructed (Saunders et al., 2003). There are three philosophies which we can use for dissertation such as positivism, interpretivism and realism philosophies. It is very important to cle ar the research philosophy which is a base for methodological framework.The philosophy, which is used in this dissertation, is interpretivism philosophy. It means where researcher can focus on exploring the topic by the application of critical interpretations and gradually establishing research conclusions (Remenyi et al., 1998).3.2 Research ApproachThere are two distinctive research approaches such as inductive and deductive. This research usually associated with qualitative research method. This method is chosen in this study because it is good way to collect deep knowledge and precise data to preserve the entire view of participant in the case study. Much of data is taken from the previous literature while to find out current trends primary research method is used like interviews and note, etc.3.3 Research systemIn research, we often refer to the two broad methods of reasoning as the deductive and inductive approaches. A research strategy is a tool which is uses for exploring a research questions. There are six strategies which uses in dissertation such as survey, grounded theory, action research, experiment, ethnography and case study (Saunders et al., 2003).The present research is a case study on Waste Management in Kitchen Area. According to Merriam (1998), if writers want to get an understanding of the situation in depth, a case study approach is a good choice. The case study approach is flexible to allow researcher to develop the research question during the research. This research is mainly focuses on extracting knowledge through literature review. Then the second step is taking in-depth interviews to collect data which is called primary research method.3.4 Time HorizonAnother essential factor in research process is Time Horizon. There are two distinctive time horizons such as longitudinal and cross-sectional. The present dissertation has longitudinal time horizon as it is appropriate for case study approach research and data collection. A longitud inal research is a process which studies particular factor for given period of time as it constructs the ability to conduct a long term study.3.5 Data Collection MethodIn order to identify the waste management practices in the hotel industry, case study approach is used to explore the environmental programmes run by the hotel industry and their role in these practices.The present dissertation incorporates the case study research strategy and in-depth interviews. In this respect, it can be concluded that the present study is built on a combination of secondary and primary data. This both methods are depending upon each other as secondary data provides good theoretical framework whereas primary data leads to the address the most important issues in the present circumstance.3.5.1 Secondary DataThe secondary data used described as multiple source of data collection. To identify the concept of environmental sustainability secondary data from journals, articles and hotels will be used. Fr om this Waste management concept will be understood. Work by various accepted authors like Herve Houdre, Abraham Pizam, Philip Sloan, Joseph S. Chen, Willy Legrand, Sasikumar Gopi Krishna, etc. have been argue upon to reach an agreement. Thus, the researchers are investigating more into this matter to sustain the environment and hotel industry.3.5.2 Primary DataAccording to Sekaran (1902), primary data is a search for the information in order to build up the researchers understanding towards the area of the subject. This data is extracted through the taking in-depth interviews, survey and by observations.3.5.2.1 The Researcher Observation DataThe researcher is also working in hotel sector and therefore able to collect data by practical experience and observation. Therefore, as employee of Hotel Crown Plaza, Wembley, London (Five star Hotel) and working in food and beverage department observer was able to collect data from kitchen area by observation.3.5.2.2 InterviewsInterviews can be formalised and structured. It can be formal and informal conversation. According to Guion (2006, p1), an in-depth interview is an open-ended which is also known as unstructured interview. It is a common data collection method for discovery oriented study. For in-depth interviews analysis of different levels of hotels will be done. For that four types of hotels were studied like five star, four star, three star and private hotel.In this case study researcher has used unstructured and structured interviews. Due to some reasons like lack of acceptance from the five star hotel management, researcher couldnt take live interviews in each and every hotel therefore researcher used the structured interview by email to interviewee. In four stars and in private hotels, researcher has taken live interviews which were unstructured. A questionnaire with both closed and open ended questions have used. Using a structured and unstructured interview, the roles of kitchen department in waste manag ement programme in hotels industry will be identified. Interview was related to kitchen employee participation inside the hotel and attitude towards waste management programme outside the hotel. Are they keeping same attitude outside the hotel like when they are at work. The questionnaire made to discover the perspective of kitchen staff about environmental sustainability and waste management programme in hotel sector. Interview was conducted with head chef who is responsible for implementation and observation of the waste management programme in kitchen area. Interview is also conducted with two commi chef and one kitchen porter who are participating in this programme. On the basis of collected data the analysis and comparison was done which served the actual position of hotel industry in terms of environmental programme and what measures should be taken to improve this practice.The result of all this will help in analyzing the status of sustainability in hotel sector.Employees ser ve a vital important role in environmental programmes in hotels. capable education and training not only increases knowledge but also elevates their awareness of environment protection which supports resource conservation.3.5.2.3 SurveySurvey is a detailed study about specific area